Independence Is The Freedom Of The Soul

Autonomy Is The Freedom Of The Soul Autonomy IS the opportunity of the spirit, an impression of the brain and an inclination comprehended by the heart. This opportunity, recognition and all the more significantly, this inclination is that of freedom, energy, self-reliance and other such things. At the point when every single such term are assembled and forced upon the dominant part, it is a major duty on the young people of that country and on the individuals who make it. That country is India. Im glad to be an Indian. How regularly have you heard that state? How regularly have you heard that expression and felt the feeling coming through, similar to a bunch of bolts? Perhaps once, perhaps twice or possibly you never gave it an idea. Presently that is opportunity of thought. Be that as it may, is it any acceptable? Be that as it may, with the advancing substance of the young people of today, the understanding degrees of the Indian youth is expanding, and to improve things. Returning to those uncommon cases of pride being connected to our nationality, as a piece of our character, we start to ask why all of us doesnt feel that way, each and every time our country is being reprimanded. For what reason is it just on the fifteenth of August or 26th of January we feel Indian? For what reason does the pride and enthusiasm towards our homeland just come out during an India-Pakistan cricket coordinate? For what reason does the unexpected acknowledgment of being Indian happen to us j ust when we watch a film like Chak De India? Why? Vishruta Mattu, a financial matters understudy of LSR College, Delhi gives us a reasonable thought of a reasoning keeps an eye on impression of opportunity, Independence of India from a typical keeps an eye on perspective isn't just the feeling of having a place, yet a feeling of commitment and presence in each progression that our country takes. She likewise accepts, We establish our country, it doesn't comprise us. Autonomy isn't our entitlement to communicate however our entitlement to be heard. Autonomy isn't just savvy legislative issues, yet being a piece of a more brilliant open. In conclusion, she makes a fundamental point in saying, Independence of our country isn't what we feel, however what we think about it and above all, freedom isn't about rights, yet our obligations towards the country. Kannagi Khanna then again, hailing from Ahmadabad liked to stop it by saying, Independence to me is having the most significant thing on the planet, i.e., opportunity, without possessin g it. With a wide range of various perspectives and observations coming through from the youthful personalities of todays India, we had Karan Paul of St. Xaviers College, Kolkata being a little beautiful about his perspective of the whole procedure of our Independence. He attempts to pass on to us that Independence is important to us as much as oxygen seems to be, and thus, we should tune in to what individuals need to state and afterward settle on whether it is right or not, or, more than likely stay an idiot until the end of time. Pooja Maheshwary, who has quite recently completed her tutoring from St. Xaviers College, Mumbai, gives us a totally unique viewpoint to freedom. How frequently do we really consider the penance, the battle that has gone into acquiring this opportunity that were getting a charge out of, other than while learning about it in history class? To be completely forthright, I never do. Freedom to me amounts to nothing. Being pleased with my nation on Independence Day and Republic Day consistently has gotten in excess of a propensity now. Be that as it may, this needs to change, and quick. Autonomy is having the opportunity of decision in whatever I may do, in whatever I may wish to do, and likewise, opportunity concerning our incredible legends is the greatest blessing that our ancestors could have ever given us. The very idea that trusted in making the people in the future see the light of an autonomous India, was an incredible vision and communicated the opportunity of the brain, trusts Dhiman Parekh, a B.A understudy of Fergusson College, Pune. In the wake of covering different perspectives and thoughts of and about Independence, we have Robin Mathew Babu, 19, of Delhi relating Indias Independence to his own freedom. He says, To me, it implies the opportunity to do what I need without considering anything and accepting that nobody can control the opportunity of my appearance and imagination. Not being in subjugation, with the goal that I can scale statures that I wish to, and that no outer factor can control me or my considerations, however myself. In conclusion, Akshata Samant, a yearning movie producer, right now sustaining her fantasy at Symbiosis Institute of Media and Communication, accepts, Were autonomous on a piece of paper, however not free in the brain. It might be anything but difficult to state that we are the universes most noteworthy majority rule government but then not have faith in it. We follow the western patterns and feel pleased, making our psyches extraordinarily reliant on the thinking about the west, and putting stock in the way that we are current. On the off chance that we were autonomous, for what reason would the greater part of our countrys significant choices be represented or impacted by different outer components? What great is it to be Independent as a country, if the brain is a detainee? With such a great deal of conceptualizing over Independence and its significance in our lives, it isn't hard to accept that the young are worried about the issues of the country, as long as they are given stages. The need of todays youth is to be heard, not went off. The need of todays youth is to be free, not limited. The need of todays youth is acknowledgment of qualities and not inconvenience. The need isn't a need, however a need that must be fulfilled. August 15. Freedom Day. For a normal youthful urban Indian, the day runs essentially to this timetable: right off the bat, and in particular, you plan to hellfire it is anything but an end of the week. In the event that youre in school, you go for the banner lifting function, trailed by a brain numbingly exhausting discourse and a scene of moves to delineate national incorporation. In the event that youre the energetic sort, youre likely taking an interest in one of them. We should teach kids about the opportunity battle and Independence. We need to teach them as the earth is no longer what it was really going after. In school, you could for the most part bunk the banner raising, overlook the broadcast of the procession from New Delhi on DD (not that you watch the channel, in any case) and loll in the occasion mind-set. What's more, starting to work is the point at which a real cutting off of all binds with I-Day occurs. Since in school you could even now get pulled up for not going to the banner raising. Truly, its Independence Day, man, for which those political dissident individuals yielded everything to get us the intensity of decision we underestimate to such an extent. What's more, would it be able to be said that since we never battled for autonomy and never took care of opportunity, the I in I-Day could mean just me and myself? Or on the other hand, do a portion of the youngsters tasting cappuccinos at an open air bistro really feel energetic? Post-1947, there were the midnights kids conceived in the beginning of autonomy, burn bearers of the goals that won us this wonderful opportunity, favored with guarantee and ridden with lapsesthe inheritors of that tryst with predetermination. That was an age divided into equal parts between the individuals who stayed and the individuals who left. Some battled and attempted to make an India that could do the political dissidents glad and others looked for Green Cards and work allows in nations that sustained dreams to fulfillment and who lived with the recollections of a nation presently a distant memory. With respect to us, the offspring of the midnights kids, naturally introduced to a nation previously tainted, ruined and washed clean of the fantasies of political dissidents, we currently walk to the beat of the sales register. When you peruse or find out about Gandhi or Nehrus standards, you are motivated, yet where does such fit into our lives? We were raised to have an independent perspective and to follow up on what we thought was best for us. In the event that I can lead my own life, would whatever I like to do and not be judged on the grounds that this is as yet a moderate society from multiple points of view, I would, at that point, feel autonomous, says Meghana Manay, 18, reading for a business degree in a Bangalore school. Fundamentally, in the event that I can be left to myself, that is my autonomy. Autonomy for us has, lamentably, come to mean independence in the most noticeably awful feeling of the word, says Roopa Mathew, 24, who works with a global firm in Bangalore. She discusses how the goals that drove the autonomy development have lost throughout the years. At the point when you peruse or find out about the standards of Gandhi or Nehru, you are roused. Be that as it may, where does that fit into our lives? We underestimate freedom and the conditions made us along these lines, says Shane Witherspoon, 27, an editorial manager with an online distribution in Bangalore. Shruti Shwetambari, a 29-year-old media administrator in Mumbai, finds that, We have been mishandling and abusing opportunity and autonomy. I dont need to look for someone else to take the blame yet it is an unpredictable blend of our lack of concern and conditions. In any case, the reality likewise is that we can make our own conditions. These conditions, overlooked by a hallucination of the real world, in a post-advancement society where shopping centers and multiplexes and worldwide combinations mushroom, have totally cut us off based on what is really occurring outside of our metros. Freedom accompanies certain riders, yet how might you make individuals look past their quick needs when that is how we have become? Or then again even in them. Susan Stanley, 30, who works with a universal programming firm in Bangalore, says, We underestimate autonomy since we have never experienced enslavement. Thus, their lives in this dream are driven practically corresponding to the real world and nobody appears to truly need them to join. There is defilement and its disgusting.Its likewise nauseating to perceive how government officials just consideration about themselves and make money.And, when you catch wind of how separation occurs in rustic zones, you feel horrendous, says Meghana. In any case, its a transient inclination. When it passes, you return to contemplating yourself and your own reality. That is the way I think weve altogether grown up we picture the world to be all things considered for us. Not for any other individual. Rajvi Mariwala, 25, an administration understudy in Mumbai, says, Arent we being raised to be the second biggest market in the w

A Case Study On Different Anxiety Experiences Nursing Essay

A Case Study On Different Anxiety Experiences Nursing Essay Tension encounters diverse in everybody in various occasions, its an ordinary reaction to real threat, advancing the body through animating of thoughtful and parasympathetic sensory system will be useful activity. (Springhouse, 2007). Uneasiness influences our entire being. It influences how we feel, how e act and has genuine physical side effects. It feels somewhat like dread yet though we realize what we are alarmed of, we frequently dont recognize what we are on edge about. Mellow uneasiness is unclear and unsetting-serious nervousness can be amazingly weakening (Medical News Today, 2010). Intense torment it isn't acceptable sign about tissue harm, (Gulanick et al., 2010). 1-How would you be able to oversee Everts torment? As a medical attendant, the accompanying should be possible to oversee Everts torment: Foresee requirement for relief from discomfort: early pain relieving intercession assists with diminishing agony. We need to react to torment whine as quickly as time permits: early react to patients griping of torment its assistance to diminish tension and on opposite side its assistance to make a trust relationship. Attempting to dispose of the expansion of stressor or solace as we can: help patient to endure the agony either these components from condition, intrapersonal, or intrapschic factors. Make a decent environment of solace, unwinding, and rest: we need to assist quiet with being in acceptable air to take a rest and rest serenely in light of the fact that a few patients encounters of torment may will place them in exhaustion condition, so we need to place him in darkroom and detached his telephone (Gulanick et al., 2010). 2-What would you be able to do to lighten Everts uneasiness? The accompanying mediations should be possible to ease Everts nervousness: Foresee requirement for relief from discomfort: early pain relieving intercession assists with diminishing agony. We need to react to torment whine at the earliest opportunity: early react to patients griping of torment its assistance to diminish nervousness and on opposite side its assistance to make a trust relationship. Some of psychological conduct methodologies as follows: Pictures: if persistent utilize his psychological pictures its assistance to divert pressure and torment with utilizing all his five detects. Interruption strategies: uplift ones focus upon nonpainful improvements to diminish ones mindfulness and encounters of agony and lessen pressure, for example, nerve incitement and breathing adjustments. Utilize the unwinding works out: its significant for patient to diminish consideration and torment. Utilize breathing activities. Utilizing Music Therapy in treatment: the music treatment functions admirably on patients. Its separated of treatment group (Mount Munro, 1978). 3-Why was Everts spouse so stressed the Evert didn't eat? Would it be a good idea for you to treat with IV sustenance? Everts spouse was concerned in light of the fact that Evert may experience the ill effects of drying out and hunger, and this will cause electrolyte irregular characteristics and his condition will be exasperated by this, his wellbeing will break down more quickly. As an attendant the treatment plans for Evert to reestablishing liquid and remedying any electrolyte lopsided characteristics. Early treatment mediation its assistance to forestall any conceivably dangerous, for example, hypovolemic stun (Gulanick et al., 2010). 4-Make a nursing care plan for Evert. Clarify and inspire you recommended nursing mediation in agreeing with the four key regions recorded in the presentation? A. Evaluation: characterizing portrayed: Evert verbalizes torment, particularly regarding moving, limited concentrate, for example, withdrawal from social and physical contact, alleviation or interruption conduct( searching out staff to do exercises), anxious, uneasiness showed, articulation of defenselessness, and failure to get liquid and food. B. Nursing Diagnosis: genuine finding: intense torment identified with extreme tension. Nursing result: Evert will be empower sufficient help of torment when moving or capacity to manage the agony are not completely fulfilled. Evert can perceive indications of uneasiness. Hazard analysis: chance for liquid volume deficiency identified with failure to obtain liquid and food. Nursing result: adequate liquids volume and electrolyte balance as proof by pee yield grater than 30ml/hr, consistency of weight, and typical skin turgor (Gulanick et al., 2010). C. Nursing Intervention: 1. Survey torment attributes: Quality as model sharp, consuming, and shooting. In the event that we need to gauge the degree of seriousness from 1 to 10, with 10 level it is more cut off to persistent. Area as per anatomical depiction, beginning if its progressive or unexpected. Length for to what extent is it irregular or ceaseless (Gulanick et al., 2010). 2. Control parenteral liquids as requested: the attendant must give persistent IV liquids varying and as requested, challenge with middle of the road imbuement of liquids for Evert who can't get liquid and food (Gulanick et al., 2010). 3. Evaluate patients and help them to perceive the sign and indications of tension: it is significant for patients to have the option to know and perceive the sign and side effects of uneasiness, which will help Evert to have the option to fathom his sign and side effects when nervousness level is low (Gulanick et al., 2010). 4. Diminishing components. Screen the patient signs and manifestations with torment: Like Heart Rate, Temperature, Blood Pressure, skin shading, eagerness, and patient powerlessness to center. A few patients disregarding sign and side effects of torment when happen. The patients must advise the attendant about these sign and side effects since it well helps the medical attendants in assessment (Gulanick et al., 2010). 5. Evaluating the primary driver of torment: it is significant for specialists and medical attendants to look to the reasons for torment in light of the fact that the various causes having various medications (Gulanick et al., 2010). 6. Survey the patient information in regards to help with discomfort methodologies: a great deal of patients may not understand how viable non sedate strategy on them either with or without torment slaughtering medicine. In this way, we need to disclose to them this point cautiously (Gulanick et al., 2010). 7. Assess patients in regards to reaction to torment drugs or therapeutics: it is essential to give patients opportunity to educate nurture concerning his demeanor with respect to torment prescription, and furthermore let him to discuss impact of medicine on him (Gulanick et al., 2010). 8. Survey patients from social, intrapersonal, intrapsychic, and ecological degree factors which are offer to help torment: these elements will influence patients articulation on encounters, for instance some social you have total opportunity to communicate how you fell (Gulanick et al., 2010). 9. Assess what is the significance of torment to people: it is imperative to all patients to know the importance of torment in such a case that he doesnt realize it will influence him to reaction (Gulanick et al., 2010). 10. Survey patients in regards to desire for help with discomfort: it is significant for attendants to know patients assumptions about relief from discomfort either the torment diminished or torment vanished. Since these patient desire will assist the medical attendant with knowing either the relief from discomfort or need to take an interest in another treatment (Gulanick et al., 2010). 11. Evaluate patients in the event that they might want to investigate some different strategies to control torment: it is critical to patient to realize that there is numerous methods of help with discomfort (Gulanick et al., 2010). D. Assessment: Evert shows satisfactory help of torment, perceives sings of tension, and exhibits positive way of dealing with stress. Everts pee yield more noteworthy than 30ml/hr, weight is reliable and with typical skin turgor (Gulanick et al., 2010). FOUR MAJOR AREAS: Manifestations Control: A palliative methodology, including thoughtfulness regarding indications control and the mental, social and otherworldly prosperity of the patient and their family is applicable at all phases of the illness, and it has been contended that consideration regarding these angles joined with comprehension of the patients sentiments and concerns all add to improving personal satisfaction of the individual with intense agony (Montazeri et al., 1998). The standards of indication control, which are utilized as standard by clinicians include: evaluation of the side effect, understanding the importance credited to it by the patient, clarification of the feasible reason, examination should possibly be attempted on the off chance that they will change the game-plan to be followed, organization of treatment dependent on known or likely etiology, accessible choices for treatment, and wishes of the patient, checking of the reaction to treatment and alteration as essential ( S teinhauser et al., 2000). Correspondence: make a decent connection among medical attendant and patient which well make quiet agreeable in correspondence. Attempting to arrange the patient to nature and help him to accept encounters from individuals varying, and furthermore when the patient knows and situated very well it will assist him with being solace and may will diminish nervousness. Help the patient to communicate on edge felling if the patient has capacity to depict them. (Gulanick, 2010). Collaboration: during appraisal torment in persistent, commitments from the multidisciplinary group is imperative to assess the accompanying: a point by point history of each torment, full assessment, and psychosocial evaluation, a past filled with analgesics previously utilized and the reaction to them, examinations to affirm the determination, contingent upon the phase of illness and the treatment choices (Ripamonte et al., 1997). View of agony will be affected by the importance of torment for the patient. Open conversation among colleagues, family and patient, permitting fears to be talked about, giving clarification of the indications and consolation of proceeded with help is significant (Twycross, R. G, 1993). Family: the medical caretaker must show patient and his/her family about mediation with respect to deficient admission, and disclose to him the significance of admission, for example, drinking liquids and eating food. Clarification of the significance of the method of reasoning and planned impact of treatment program to lighten torment, decrease tensions (Gulanick et al., 2010).

What is Price Skimming And How does it Work In the Market

What is Price Skimming And How does it Work In the Market What Is Price Skimming Summary What Is Price SkimmingHow it Works?Price Skimming AdvantagesPerceived qualityCost recoveryHigh profitabilityBenefits of Vertical supply chainPrice Skimming DisadvantagesDeterrenceSales volume limitationIneffective long-term strategyConsumer loyaltyFoundation of Price SkimmingPrice Skimming LimitsAt the institutional levelAt market levelAt brand levelAt retailer levelAt the customer levelConclusion Price skimming is a pricing strategy of a product in which the highest starting price charges by a firm that consumers will pay and formerly lowers it with time. As the first customers demand, it is satisfied, and competition in the market enters, the firm to attract another lowers the price and population more price-sensitive segment. The strategy of skimming gets its name as skimming customer segments or successive cream layers after a while; prices are lowered. The “skimming” name originates from the idea of exploring all potential buyers such as a stack â€" those on the top are eager to pay the maximum, even though those by the bottom wish to pay the minimum. How it Works? It is frequently used when a product of a new type enters the market. The aim is to collect as much revenue as likely when the demand of consumers is high, as well as competition in the market hasn’t entered. When those goals were met, the creator of the original product can lower the product prices to attract buyers who are more cost-conscious through remaining competitive on the way to any lower-cost copier items in the market entered. Firms frequently use skimming for the cost of development recovery. Price Skimming is a beneficial strategy in the given settings: Adequate potential customers are willing to buy a high priced product.The high price of a product doesn’t attract competitors.The price lowering ought to have only a slight effect on rising sales volume as well as decreasing unit costs.The high price is taken as a high-quality sign. Price Skimming Advantages Perceived quality It aids build a high-quality product perception and image. Cost recovery To a firm, it helps in recovering its development costs quickly. High profitability For the company, it creates a high-profit margin. Benefits of Vertical supply chain It assists distributors in earning a higher percentage. The price increase on a product of $500 is far more significant than on a $5 product. Price Skimming Disadvantages Deterrence If the firm incapable of validating its high price, customers may not be eager to buy the product. Sales volume limitation A firm might not be capable of economies of scale use if a skim price creates inadequate sales. Ineffective long-term strategy It isn’t a feasible long-term strategy of pricing as competitors will ultimately enter the market with the pressure of rival pricing and products. Consumer loyalty If a product that costs 1,000 dollars at launch has a follow-on $200 price of in some months, innovators primary adopters may feel exploited. So, if the firm has a price skimming history, consumers may wait for some months before buying the product. Foundation of Price Skimming Price skimming used for profit maximization when a new service or product deployed. So, the pricing strategy is effective in an advanced product in which the firm is the 1st to enter the market. In this strategy, the aim is to produce the maximum profit in the small-time period possible instead of maximum sales. It enables a firm to recover quickly. Its sunk costs formerly increased pricing pressure and competition. Price Skimming Limits It is fundamentally limited in 5 diverse ways: At the institutional level It is a complex price discrimination form. Price discrimination in maximum countries is illegal as well as price skimming could consequently be a risky strategy to adopt for companies. At market level Skimming frequently gives rise to high margins. Meanwhile, high margins are very attractive; competitors will desire to enter into the market with a similar or a highly comparable product, creating the skimming effect disappear slowly. At brand level If it turns out to be too clear for customers that a firm is using a skimming strategy of pricing for any specified product, they will whether wait for the product price to drop before buying or be dissatisfied if they have already bought this product at an excessive price. At retailer level Skimming infers that selling a product at a lower price, beginning at a high price and slowly decreasing it further further. At the customer level Price Skimming is related to price discrimination after a while, and so indicates that a product will be dispersed more gradually. Conclusion Price skimming includes fixing a high price before other competitors enter the market. This is frequently used for a new product launch that faces no or little competition â€" typically because of certain technological features. It also has some advantages and disadvantages. We offer Price skimming assignment help to our clients. We have experts to provide assignment help to students. 247 services are available to all of the high quality at nominal pricing. Even provide solutions that are plagiarized-free and within a time limit.

University of West Florida Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of West Florida is a public university with an acceptance rate of 42%. Located in Pensacola, Florida, the University of West Florida is a member of the State University System of Florida. The average class size for first-year courses is 28 students. Popular majors for undergraduates include health, science and engineering, and education and professional studies. In athletics, the West Florida Argonauts compete in the NCAA Division II  Gulf South Conference. Popular sports include basketball, soccer, and swimming and diving. Considering applying to University of West Florida? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of West Florida had an acceptance rate of 42%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 42 students were admitted, making UWFs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 5,707 Percent Admitted 42% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 45% SAT Scores and Requirements The University of West Florida requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 53% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 550 640 Math 530 610 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of West Floridas admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UWF scored between 550 and 640, while 25% scored below 550 and 25% scored above 640. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 530 and 610, while 25% scored below 530 and 25% scored above 610. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1250 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of West Florida. Requirements University of West Florida does not require the SAT writing section. Note that UWF participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements UWF requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 76% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 22 27 Math 21 26 composite 22 27 This admissions data tells us that most of UWFs admitted students fall within the top 37% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to University of West Florida received a composite ACT score between 22 and 27, while 25% scored above 27 and 25% scored below 22. Requirements UWF does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, University of West Florida superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA of University of West Floridas incoming freshmen class was 3.78, and more than 50% of incoming students had average GPAs of 3.75 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to the University of West Florida have primarily A grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of West Florida Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of West Florida. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances University of West Florida, which accepts fewer than half of applicants, has a selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. However, UWF has a somewhat holistic admissions process that takes into consideration the  rigor of your high school courses, not simply your grades. The university requires a minimum of four units each in English and math; three units each in natural science and social science; two units of a single foreign language; and two units of an approved elective. Youll be more competitive if you exceed these minimums and your academic record includes challenging AP, IB, and Honors courses. Also, an upward trend in your high school grades will be viewed much more favorably than a downward trend. While grades and test scores are the most important part of an application, the university will look at optional materials such as a personal essay, extracurricular activities  that demonstrate a special talent, and  letters of recommendation. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside UWFs average range. In the graph above, the blue and green data points represent students who were admitted to University of West Florida. Most had SAT scores (ERWM) of 950 or higher, an ACT composite of 18 or higher, and a high school average of a B- or better. Grades, SAT scores and ACT scores above these lower ranges will improve your chances, and you can see that many students who attend UWF have grades in the A range. If You Like University of West Florida, You May Also Be Interested in These Colleges: University of Central FloridaFlorida State UniversityUniversity of South FloridaUniversity of North FloridaFlorida Gulf Coast UniversityFlorida International UniversityFlorida Atlantic UniversityUniversity of Tampa All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of West Florida Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Mtv Networks And The Middle East - 1648 Words

Abstract Since 1981, MTV Networks (MTVN) has developed a reputation for its ability to provide localized content without compromising the MTV culture. However, the company faced challenges in late 2007 with its launch of MTV Arabia in the Middle East, making it one of the biggest launches in channel history. While the market in the Middle East offered MTV with lucrative business opportunities, the networks controversial content could potentially backfire in the conservative environment prevalent in the region. On the other hand, too much localization to suit the tastes of the region could dilute MTV’s global brand. This paper will discuss MTVN’s challenges, strategy and effectiveness in expanding in the Middle East. Introduction With a growing gross domestic product (GDP) of Arabia, suggesting a lucrative market, MTVN joined forces with the largest media group in the UAE, Arabia Media Group, to launch the Arabic version of MTV as MTV Arabia in 2007. MTVN would be set to compete with approximately 370 other 24-hour free satellite channels in the growing market of $3 billion. Before launching, MTV needed to understand the cultural profile of the Arab world—one that consists of over 20 countries stretching from Morocco, across Northern Africa, to the Persian Gulf. These countries are religiously and ethnically diverse with a multitude of ethnic, religious and linguistic groups. To be an Arab is a cultural trait rather than a racial one and Arab history and culture are basedShow MoreRelatedMtv Networks And The Middle East Essay1953 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction MTV Networks is known as the biggest music television channel in the world embraced a new challenge of introducing their channel to the Arab countries. The thriving of globalization and the world’s growing love of celebrities, MTV executives decided to approach the growing Arabian market with target the music lover and youth entertainment industry. 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First of all, it is impossible to talk about groups of people without generalizing. At this point it must be emphasized that there is not just â€Å"one† Arab culture or society. The Arab world is full of rich and diverse communities, groupsRead MoreCase Study : Music Television Networks1182 Words   |  5 PagesMusic Television Networks (MTVN) had developed over the years a reputation for its ability to provide localized content without diluting what MTV stood for. What MTV wanted to do now, was enter the Arabian/Middle Eastern markets where everything is different. However, the company faced the most challenging test in late 2007 with its launch of MTV Arabia in the Middle East, which some experts considered as the biggest launch in the channel s history. While the market in the Middle East offered MTVN hugeRead MoreMtv Arabian Challenge7403 Words   |  30 PagesBSTR/294 ICMR Center for Management Research MTV Networks: The Arabian Challenge This case was written by Debapratim Purkayastha, ICMR Center for Management Research. It was compiled from published sources, and is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a management situation. For use by students of Icfai Flexible Learning programs. Not to be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means. 2008, ICMRRead MoreMtv s Global Management Team Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagessupply media to the world’s youth had no limitation. In 2007, MTVN planned to enter the Middle East after several years of planning. MTV entry faced many difficulties in order to enter the Middle Eastern media market successfully. MTV Management team’s focused on identifying the internal strengths, internal weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to construct a corporate level strategy to enter into the Middle East market. By understanding these components, it is possible to compare MTV’s SWOT analysisRead MoreManagement7125 Words   |  29 PagesBSTR/294 IBS Center for Management Research MTV Networks: The Arabian Challenge This case was written by Debapratim Purkayastha, IBS Center for Management Research. It was compiled from published sources, and is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a management situation. 2008, IBS Center for Management Research. All rights reserved. To order copies, call +91-8417-236667/68 or write to IBS Center for

An analysis of architecture from an author’s and industry perspective Free Essays

string(77) " to tally with the work of an engineer and the architect has to follow this\." Introduction This article observes the tension generated by the apparent opposition between: Architecture and the Author / Architecture as Industry. Different authors have tried to bring out their understanding of architecture while criticizing the applicability of it in the modern world. Their arguments are based on past practices, which, according to them, form the basis for the modern architectural practices (Conrads 1970). We will write a custom essay sample on An analysis of architecture from an author’s and industry perspective or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contributions made towards modern architecture as early as the year 1906 are still being used, with the end of it not yet known, and the products from these contributions scarcely recognized. With the dominance of economic questions within modern life, people as well as architects have to participate in architectural problems ranging from town planning to private dwellings. Formalistic constructions based on these phenomena are characteristic of vacillating trends changing more quickly over the past century than the principles which they were based on (Allsopp 1981). This case will be based on prior literature that covers one century and will try to analyze the use of architecture and how authors agree or disagree on the subject matter in their discussion. This article will focus on what comprises architecture in the modern days, while at the same time highlighting the contributions made by Greeks towards architecture. This essay will seek to conclude that the importance of incorporating architecture into a construction from its planning phase to completion is a necessary aspect rather than trying to improve the quality through decorations (Conrads 1970). It is important to adapt an old building for modern use if the full benefits are to be derived and tranquility in the building attained. Architects are guided by engineers who are responsible for determining the materials and the support for the buildings, leaving the architects’ task mainly in terms of the artworks. An architect is not only concerned with the building itself but with the fittings and the surroundings for the building. It is important to note that architecture is not only affected by the construction alone but by other factors such as the materials use, the surrounding environment and the fittings (Cuff 1992). Thesis In organic architecture, a building is not one thing different from its setting, environment or even it furnishings. All the above work together as one in conceiving a building and should be provided for and foreseeable in a structure. They become mere details of the completed formation and character of the structure creating a dwelling as a completed art work, that is suited to an individual needs to express its character through a combination of other factors (Conrads 1970). There has been a variety of attempts to try and incorporate the ancient Greek language into the modern construction. The Greek mathematics contributed to the order and proportion of classical architecture work that establishes harmony in a structure through the repetition of simple ratios or through the use of orders of architecture. Order and repetition of ratios constitute the Latin of architecture or a classical language. Ancient Greeks recognized three orders namely; Corinthians, Doric and ionic. Repeating or combining a given order generates a rhythm in a building that contributes to its harmonious visual effect. With time, the Greek architects learnt the use of geometric principles known as the golden ratio to systematically relate building parts (Iffriq 2008). The Greeks’ also made a contribution to architecture through the development of rational procedure that helps control a building’s design and assist perfectly the relationship among its parts. Renaissance architects, after centuries of neglect, re-established the architecture classical language as an essential element or condition to building design. This language was, however, abandoned due to the rise of modernism, although its traces are still available. From the Parthenon to the modernists such as Le Corbusier, building precedent was set that focused on harmony and sophistication and this development has not been surpassed (Iffriq 2008). True architecture is not achievable through decorations and that problems found in modern architecture are not solvable through purely external means. With little regards to scales, the principle of interpreting things in a way that is surface based, where only the physical aspects are taken as important and not the entire structural components, has led to reproduction of various materials according to the play of lines being forced onto particular systems. This might have no harm on small works but is a big inhibitor to invention because it curtails real invention and creativity leading to monstrosities when applied to large scale tectonic projects (Conrads 1970). The aforementioned has led to renunciation of tectonic solutions and that kind of support is minimal and surface decorations are used while omitting dividing cornices. The results are a forced tranquillity that did not exist in the past. Such tranquility is forced because it is not as a result of a real balance of energies that has accompanied the tectonic transition full emphasis. This has the effects of distracting the artist from the main task and failed mastery of the motif as a result of the lack of organic and spontaneity in the work therefore corresponding to the artists temperament and ability as a result of the used external peculiarities aimed at covering past mistakes and improve the quality to bring the tranquility (Cuff 1992). If the design of earlier buildings is to meet the needs of modern life, it must be adapted to modern requirements and the materials used correctly. The construction must be adapted for the intended purpose to be able to produce the tranquility that is irreplaceable through decorations and other embellishments no matter how skillfully they are applied. Today’s architectural problems, including decorative problems, cannot be solved without the use of the past especially the mastery of tectonic problems. The materials used in the modern day are still the same as that used previously, even with the achievements of the construction industry yet past practices have not yet surpassed (Conrads 1970). A structural work has to tally with the work of an engineer and the architect has to follow this. You read "An analysis of architecture from an author’s and industry perspective" in category "Essay examples" The past has enriched the industry with an understanding of the materials used and their characteristics. Science has bequeathed architects with a wide knowledge of the laws of statics, but at the moment they face more constraints compared to previous years, where common sense was relied upon to solve architectonic problems (Gilchrist 2004). The engineer’s responsibility is to calculate and design a unity taking into consideration the load and the support, right parts measurements of the structure parts and the constituent materials. The architect’s main responsibility is decorative, imposed on the building’s fabric and this ends up spoiling the organic clarity. A tectonic constructional form has its nucleus in which the artist must focus on and not only from the external decorative considerations. Domestic architecture freezes itself from external conception making demands operating from the inside outwards and help architect achieve the authenticity to be taken into account (Architecture resources for enterprise advantage n.d). Antithesis A great emphasis is usually placed on the individual elements in a way that is contrary to the whole organic harmony. This is therefore damaging the smaller dimensions buildings because it kills the harmony that should be in existence and removes the tranquility. It is important to note that utilizing varied building materials on one structure is not possible without destroying the basic structure, distracting the attentions from the core of the building. Being confused about architectural idioms and lacking knowledge of the essentials leads to chasing fashionable manners that are subject to contempt, unlike real architecture that is a product of intense thought and that is governed by artistic considerations that are less susceptible to imitators. As can be seen of late, architecture is evolving where buildings are having few complications and focusing on a solution and unrelenting objectivity (Salingaros 2007). Regardless of the achievements made in the areas of interior design, fruitful inspirations, and the fresh life breathed into handicrafts, architecture has not yet come of age. There are numerous buildings that are coming up daily but they are inferior in nature because architects are not using their creativity to develop them and planning is also done poorly making them irrelevant to the current age and show a lack of culture (Conrads 1970). Having buildings that fill city streets or other populated areas does not indicate success and this is especially bad at the moment where there is energy that can be used to construct decent architectural constructions. The inability to use such energy indicates that architects have not gotten to grips with the tasks intended and this is characteristic of the cultural situation of the modern day. There has been growth in the condemnation of constructions as either inhabitable or for total destruction. Few changes have been seen with regards to architecture over the preceding decade (Conrads 1970). Synthesis The history of the world indicates fundamental changes that characterize major developments. Art is one of these developments as it expresses life and creates reality of an object giving it an in-depth feeling of harmony and balance. Architecture is one of the most popular forms of art in this modern day due to the advances in technology, practices of rendering constructions visible and the objectivity associated with it. Architecture is a great contributor of insight and goes beyond established principles. It results in a shift from mediation to concentration it encompasses not only sculpture and pictures but a wider variety of aspects and is self-sufficient (Salingaros 2007). Architects are great contributors to this concentration through their choice of unsuitable advisors and this has curtailed the artistic culture in general. It is imperative that it is more than just the material aspects of a construction, but that the spiritual aspect is embraced over the developmental techniques and the purpose of the construction (Rudofsky n.d). Architectonic culture is the true measure of a nation’s culture and will continue being this way in the future. A nation that continuously erects worst buildings continuously even though it produces good light fittings or furniture shows signs of heterogeneity and un-clarified conditions indicating lack of organization and discipline. Culture is unthinkable without a total respect of form and this is synonymous to lacking a culture (Salingaros 2007). Doubts have been raised on the functional planning and rational buildings from different authors of periodicals although a solution has not yet been arrived at due to uncommitted laissez- faire or action. Contrary to this belief, regard is being focused on locality as well as specific situations. This however does not call for planning of towns and construction without due regard to the surroundings but use of creative imagination that is based on precise observation of the structures of the city. A number of authors have criticized modern architecture arguing that dynamic buildings cannot exist without elliptical or slanting lines (Conrads 1970). Reflective conclusion A number of authors argue that it is not the final completion of the structure that is important but the entire process and that in trying to make a poorly constructed building look good will amount to trying to force the external factors onto a building and this does not create tranquility. Architecture has been evolving over the century but the evolution is not yet fully realized in terms of constructions that have fully embraced it in their work. Much focus has been on the materials used for the construction however there are other considerations that are at play as far as architecture is concerned. (Salingaros 2007). Taking into account the initial architectural demands that are in a position of creating tranquility is important to the architect. Having too much in a structure robs the building its natural calmness which is achievable through simplicity of the overall design. An architect may be too much preoccupied by the exterior painterly conceptions, depriving them of the benefits of focusing on the tranquility of the construction. When the tranquility has been achieved, decorative richness can be applied without having to overburden the structure (Conrads 1970). Architects are facing more problems recently than in the past due to the influences of engineers and requirements of planning and their drive towards creating an organic harmony in an entire construction. Incorporation of different construction materials on a single building destroys its basic structure and distracts the attentions from the core of the building (Conrads 1970). Even with the modern developments, architecture has not fully developed and constructions that are inferior are coming up, leading to some being condemned to destruction. An architect has a responsibility of encouraging the artistic culture and they need to revive their intellectual understanding. Architects should be concerned about specific situations and localities and have in mind proper planning when they come up with cities through the use of creative imagination based on proper observation of such city structures (Conrads 1970). Bibliography Allsopp Bruce, (1981). A Modern Theory of Architecture. Routledge. â€Å"Architecture resources for enterprise advantage,† [pdf]. Retrieved on 16/8/12 from . Conrads, U. ed (1970) Programs and Manifestoes on 20th-century architecture. Cambridge, MIT Press Cuff Dana, (1992). Architecture: The Story of a Practice. MIT Press Gilchrist Alan, Barry Mahon, (2004). Information architecture. Facet Publishing 7 Ridgmount Street, London. Iffriq Andrew, (2008). From Parthenon to Modern Movement. Architecture suite 101 Rudofsky Bernard, (n.d). Architecture without Architects. Retrieved on 8/16/2012 from . Salingaros A. Nikos, (2007). A Theory of Architecture. Umbau-Verlag Harald Pusche How to cite An analysis of architecture from an author’s and industry perspective, Essay examples

Medical Record Security Essay Example

Medical Record Security Paper With the advent of technology, the keeping of medical records has now been made convenient and effective for both the doctor and the patient themselves. Your medical history can now be viewed in great detail by only logging in the correct account information. This can save a lot of time and energy for your doctor to effectively address whatever ailment you are encountering. This system of keeping electronic health records or EHR is now becoming mainstream which would ultimately culminate in the creation of the National Health Information Network. The National Health Information Network aims to connect every American EHR to facilities that need them through the use of the online interface by the year 2009 (Health and Fitness, 2006). Although a great convenience would be rendered by this, it also raises a lot of questions regarding the privacy and security of crucial and highly confidential medical information of American individuals. In an organization which espouses such system, there are a number of electronic and ethical threats that they may encounter. So what are these threats? Well firstly, there is the availability of access. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Record Security specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Record Security specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Record Security specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If their medical records become online, there would be no safeguarding measure to protect or delimit the personnel who could readily access it. EHR could be subject to hacking by unauthorized individuals as all that protects it from them is a simple username and password. If this is so as well, their medical records are not only made available for doctors, pharmacists and other practitioners of medicine, but to virtually anyone. Drug manufacturers could access their patient’s history to be used for research and product development even without their patient’s explicit consent. Crucial information like the specific type of disease could be exploited for fundraising activities or other schemes that are only targeted by different medical companies for profits. With the development of this system, consumers are also allowed to view their own records and, even make changes if there are errors, all for an access fee. This means that consumers themselves could manipulate their medical records to suit their own purposes (i. e. removing certain ailments that might lower their chances in job application). Information gleamed from these records without proper authorization could be very harmful to an individual. Actually, any information regarding a patient receiving medical attention is considered private and confidential. According to the privacy rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Protected Health Information (PHI) includes everything, rather broadly at that, that concerns a patient’s medical history. This includes mental and physical condition of the patient, both present and past as well as all of the provisioned care administered to the said patient. It even includes all information regarding the payment of such provisions that transpired between a patient and the medical institution that s/he is associated with (45 CFR 164. 501). So in essence, every minute detail in a patient’s medical record is held confidential under the rule of law and thus must be protected from unauthorized utilization. To be able to render quality services to the patients, I recommend establishing a sound reputation when it comes to handling medical records. You could do this by affiliating yourselves with privacy ensuring sites like TRUSTe. org. Since online transaction really entails a great deal of risk when it comes to information theft, being rewarded, for example, with a TRUSTe seal assures customers of the privacy and security of vital information contained in their medical records. It is also wise to disseminate information to your patients regarding the nature of electronic health records so that they could take necessary precautions for themselves. There are products that they can avail themselves of to protect their own medical records. Nifty gadgets like portable emergency medical record holders from companies like SGMS Corporation could really help secure a patient’s and his or her family medical records safe and secure. It will also be to your organization’s benefit to educate the patients regarding the laws that are already enacted to help secure their electronic health records like HIPAA. Organize seminars and conferences to better spread the message of caution. For example, when being asked for consent (i. e. waivers) about releasing a patient’s medical records, teach them to be meticulous about what they sign. Advice them against signing â€Å"blanket waivers† that are not specific about what records they want to share and just do so in a general way. Specify things like releasing to a particular doctor (who will be accountable to any exchange of information that would take place without your knowledge), or releasing only that records that are necessary for a specific type of ailment. As an organization, the patient’s welfare should be our top priority, therefore it is our responsibility to provide them the necessary information so that they may do their part well when it comes to upholding medical record security. Laws can only do so much and without the proper education, loopholes could be easily taken advantaged of by external agencies which may not have a patient’s interest at heart. References Health and Fitness. (2006, March). Retrieved December 16, 2007, from ConsumerReports. org: http://www. consumerreports. org/cro/health-fitness/health-care/electronic-medical-records-306/overview/index. htm Code of Federal regulations (2003, April). Retrieved December 16, 2007 from http://frwebgate. access. gpo. gov/cgi-bin/get-cfr. cgi? YEAR=currentTITLE=45PART=164SECTION=501SUBPART=TYPE=TEXT

Past Participles in English Grammar

Past Participles in English Grammar In English grammar, the past participle refers to an action that was started and completed entirely in the past. It is the third principal part of a verb, created by adding -ed, -d, or -t to the base form of a regular verb. The past participle is generally used with an  auxiliary  (or helping) verb- has, have, or  had- to express the  perfect aspect, a  verb  construction that describes events occurring in the past that are linked to a later time, usually the present. In addition to the perfect aspect (or perfect tense), the past participle  can be used in a  passive voice  or as an  adjective. Past Participles of Regular Verbs To understand past participles, you first need to know how to make a verb  past tense, says  Study.com. To do so, simply add ed, d, or t, as in these examples that show the verb on the left and the simple past tense on the right: Help helpedWeep weptWork worked Turning these verbs into past participles is also simple: Make the verb past tense and precede it with an  auxiliary verb, as in these examples that list the simple past on the left and the past participle on the right: Helped have helpedVisited have visitedWorked have worked Though they may seem similar, there is a  difference between regular past tense and past participle. The regular past has only one part while the past participle always has two or more parts, and as noted, generally requires an auxiliary verb, says  Write.com. An example of a sentence with a regular verb (using one of the above sentences) would be: I helped my friend. You simply helped your friend at some time in the past, but you might continue to help her at some point in the future. The same sentence with a past participle verb would be: I have helped my friend. You began helping your friend in the past and completed the action of helping her in the past. Past Participle of Irregular Verbs The past participle forms of  irregular verbs  have various endings, including  -d  (said),  -t  (slept), and  -n  (broken). Irregular verbs are trickier to form in the simple past than regular verbs, says Study.com, which gives these examples: Run   ranSing sangGo went To form the past participle of these irregular verbs, again precede them with an auxiliary verb: Ran has run, have runSing has sung, have sungWent has gone, have gone Common Irregular Past Participles Viewing some of the most common irregular verbs, together with the simple past as well as their past participle forms, can be helpful in understanding how they are formed. Verb Simple Past Past Participle fly flew have flown rise rose had risen shrink shrank had shrunk feel felt had felt bite bit has bitten catch caught have caught draw drew have drawn drive drove have driven eat ate have eaten fall fell have fallen Additionally, the verb  wear  is a classic example of an irregular verb that can be complicated to use as a past participle. You might  wear  underwear today if you are expressing action in the present. You  wore underwear yesterday if you are expressing the simple past. To use the same irregular verb as a past participle, however, you might say,  I  have  worn my Superman underwear. This implies that you donned your Superman underwear in the past but you are no longer doing so. Meanings and Forms of Past Participles The past participle can indicate past, present, and future meanings, according to Essentials of English: A Practical Handbook Covering All the Rules of English Grammar and Writing Style, which notes that the past participle has both perfect and progressive forms, as in: Thus deceived, he will be outraged. [Both actions are in the future.]Baffled by your attitude, I cannot help you. [Both actions are in the present.]Baffled by your attitude, I could not help you. [Both actions in the past.] In the first sentence above, the participle acts like an  appositive  adjective, renaming the subject  thief. The two actions occur completely in the future: The thief will be outraged and he  (will be) deceived. Note how the past participle includes an implied form of a to be verb:  will be. In the second sentence,  baffled  is still a past participle but the action will have been started and completed entirely in the present. The past participle includes an implied auxiliary verb- having been- so the full sentence would read: Having been baffled  by your attitude, I cannot help you. The action of being baffled starts and is completed entirely in the present, as is the (non)action of not helping.   In the same way, the third sentence starts with a past participle describing an action that started and was completed entirely in the past. The past participle also serves as an appositive adjective, describing the pronoun (and subject of the sentence).  The full sentence would read: Having been baffled  by your attitude, I could not help you. The  subjunctive  mood in the second half of the sentence describes an action- could not help- that happened (or in this case did not happen) entirely in the past. Sources Hopper, Vincent F. Essentials of English: A Practical Handbook Covering All the Rules of English Grammar and Writing Style. Barrons Educational Series, Cedric Gale, Ronald C. Foote, et al., Sixth edition, Barrons Educational Series, April 1, 2010.

Visual Arts and Design Assignment in The Engineering II building in UC Essay - 11

Visual Arts and Design Assignment in The Engineering II building in UC Santa Barbara - Essay Example    The building’s interior design provides the essential space that the university would require in addressing congestion through the provision of conference rooms, lecture halls, and staffrooms (Foulsham 1). The building’s architectural design coincides with the use of energy efficient facilities that reduce the exploitation of the non-renewable energy sources; hence, it is renowned for its conservative measures. Further, the building’s engineers used the recommended materials to make the world’s greenest public facility. The essence of evaluating the building’s inclusion of solar panels on the dome emanate from the society’s emphasis that the mankind should adopt renewable energy sources in order to avoid the risk of pollution from non-renewable energy sources. The Engineering II building’s construction process adhered to the institution’s mission that fosters the need of its constituents to apply eco-friendly measures in order to safeguard the future outcomes (Foulsham 1). For example, the facility’s architectural design reduced the use of electricity by 36 percent for every square foot of its space. Arguably, the plumbing team in stalled a natural gas system that would suppress the units consumed at a rate of 15 percent compared to the previous year. Despite the institution bordering the state’s coastline, the artistic building’s drainage facility evokes the understanding that its drainage system instills the environmentally conservative measures, which reduce the risk of pollution. Another architectural aspect, which is evident in the building’s interior design, is the utilization of space to serve the engineering department’s teachers and students.  Ã‚  

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Management accounting - Essay Example A purchase of Raw Material Stocks equaling 36,000 must have been made. The issue that caused this was probably due to decreased efficiency in using materials. When Raw Materials must be purchased beyond what is budgeted this means there is an unfavorable variance of 36,000. In order to correct this issue the company must come up with a standard of how much Raw Material stocks to use and then if costs allow, use a supervisor to ensure this standard is upheld. We can assume based on these numbers that the company added more debt from creditors of about 36,000 since inventory had been bought through creditors the balance increased by the amount of increase in the Raw Material Stock balance. Therefore since the ending balance of creditors was less than the beginning we can see that the company must have paid off creditors in excess of the added debt. That excess is equal to the beginning balance of 66,000 plus added debt of 26,000 minus the ending actual balance of 51,000, which means the company paid toward what was owed creditors, which was 51,000. The issue that may have occurred is that current debts might have become due and therefore these debts had to be satisfied. Thus payment was made to the creditor decreasing working capital. In order to prevent this from happening again debt should be kept to a low amount, paid in a timely manner and cash should be kept in order to satisfy debt. Due to the fact that the company paid creditors 51,000, that amount must come out of the Bank balance since there is no cash on hand. The beginning balance was only 4,500 and the ending balance was negative 39,000 therefore the company must have added 7,500 to the bank account. Where did that 7,500 come from? The issue is that there is an overdraft of the bank account. This has happened due to the purchases of Raw Material Stocks

Critical Evaluation of Change Managed in Practice

Critical Evaluation of Change Managed in Practice The Government has clearly outlined the need for nurses to develop leadership skills at all levels within the workforce in order to deliver the NHS modernisation programme (DH  [1]  1998; DH 1999). The leadership role expected of community practitioners is evident in Shifting the Balance of Power (DH 2001a) and Liberating the Talents (DH 2002) with the expectation that health visitors will lead teams which will deliver family-centred public health within the communities they work (DH 2001b). The change I was to lead however was not initiated primarily to support clients, but instead to protect staff working in the community to ensure they were safe and supported in their public health work as a large proportion of the time is spent working alone. The issue of lone worker safety is particularly topical after the recent murder of a mental health support worker during a home visit (BBC News 2006). To support this proposal, Baulcomb (2003) asserts that any change management initiative should not only yield benefits for patients but also for staff and the wider organisation. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE 2005) reports that nurses and other health care workers are 2.8 times more at risk of an injury  [2]  than clerical workers and the vulnerability of health care workers increases significantly if they are working alone  [3]  (Chappell and Di Martino 2000). It was a particularly pertinent time to examine mechanisms for risk reduction as they had still not been reviewed despite a member of staff being off sick  [4]  due to an adverse incident involving lone work. As health visiting frequently requires lone work, it was clear that lone working practices needed reviewing to reduce the likelihood of a similar or more serious incident recurring. Further drivers for change were identified as a result of observations of workers in practice. I noted the following areas of concern: up-to-date whereabouts of staff not always provided (or out of date) and a lack of a reporting-in system which would identify whether staff had finished work safely for the day. I discussed these issues with the community nursing manager who wholly supported any attempts to introduce mechanisms that would improve lone worker safety. A further driver for change was the obligation to implement health and safety legislation. Due to limitations in report length, this information has been provided in Appendix One. If changes are to be implemented which lead to increased worker safety, this will have a positive (although indirect) effect on clients because if staff feel safer and more supported in their roles, they will be less likely to be off sick with stress or injuries (Mahony 2006) which would impact on the teams ability to deliver the public health agenda. As workers who contribute to the implementation of health and safety measures are known to be healthier and safer than those who do not (HSE 2005), it was felt that this would be an appropriate area for the team to examine and implement change. It was after consideration of these anteceding factors that the need for change was established and a vision created: To improve the safety of lone workers within the health visiting team. Implementing the change was a dynamic and multidimensional process with many facets too abundant to detail fully here, however pertinent examples will be selected and analysed. The following study will detail a reflective evaluation of my application of leadership and management theory to effect a change in practice. The successes and difficulties encountered will be given throughout with reference to the literature. Change management requires well-developed leadership and management skills (Marquis and Huston 2000). A combination of these skills is necessary to ensure that the job is done not only efficiently, i.e. new mechanisms are put in place and embedded into the teams practice (the management dimension) (Stewart 1996) but that it is achieved in such a way that motivates and inspires staff to change their practice- the leadership dimension (Stewart 1996). To guide the changes, a change management model was selected. Deegan et al (2004) report that such models provide a theoretical sequence, which will be instrumental in helping the change manager to choose, develop, and order activities which are required during planned change episodes. As the change was planned (as opposed to emergent), a suitable model was Lewins three-stage model of planned change (Lewin 1951)  [5]  . The use of this model in the National Health Service (NHS) is widely documented and has underpinned the successful changes in many of the research papers read  [6]  . It is also a simple model which is not overly prescriptive and so does not restrict individual practitioner creativity (Cameron and Green 2005). The three stages of planned change according to this model are: unfreezing the existing equilibrium (Unfreezing); moving to a new point (Movement) and refreezing the changes into practice so that they become embedded in practice (Refreezing). My change management project is currently part way through the Movement stage as the change has not been fully implemented or evaluated yet I continue to lead this project  [7]  . Lewin (1951) suggests that in the changes preliminary stage, factors which will drive or resist the change should be identified. This process is known as Force Field Analysis (FFA) and will identify the change enthusiasts, the potential objectors and the undecided (Turner, 2001) (see Appendix Three for the FFA carried out at this stage). Lewin (1951) asserted that change occurs as a result of a shift in the equilibrium between the opposing forces (those which resist change) and the driving forces and is thought to be more likely to occur successfully if restraining forces are removed rather than by simply increasing the driving forces. Hussey (1998) exercises a word of caution at this juncture warning that an increase in the driving forces may lead to an increase in the restraining forces, however if the driving forces outweigh the restraining forces, there is a positive climate for change (Cameron and Green 2005). After analysing the force field I could see that the driving forces o utweighed the resisting forces and so confirmed that the change was needed and realistic. Leaders motivate their staff by inspiring vision and encouraging followers to share in that vision (Bennis 1997, Davidhizar 1993) and like in Kassean Jagoos study (2005), the unfreezing stage was initiated by facilitating peoples thoughts on the current situation (Greaves 1999)- stimulating ideas for how to change the current situation  [8]  . As people can only be empowered by a vision that they understand (Sheldon and Parker 1997), it is paramount that strategies are used to foster inclusion and participation so that all team members are fully aware of the impetus for change. For change to be successful and enduring, Kouzes and Posner (1987) say that it is imperative that the leader encourages team ownership of the vision by encouraging their participation in the project. Without participation failure is likely to result due to resistance from team members. It is vital to the success of the change that it is perceived to be needed by those that will be affected by the change ( Marquis and Huston 2000) and so to raise awareness of the issue and create dissatisfaction with the current state (Lewin 1951), I introduced my ideas at a team meeting. On reflection, I can identify aspects of transformational and situational leadership in how I shared my ideas and interacted with the team. Most team members agreed that risks to lone working needed to be reduced and willingly offered their ideas (see Appendix Four). Encouraging team input and facilitating problem solving are key features of the supportive behaviours exhibited by the situational leader (Northouse 2004). Situational leadership was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1977) and assumes the leader adapts their style according to a given situation  [9]  . This style has two main types of intervention: those which are supportive and those which are directive. The effective situational leader is one that adjusts the directive and supportive dimensions of their leadership according to the needs of their subordinates (Northouse 2004). As most team members were highly motivated in the project, freely offering suggestions and ideas, a directive role was not needed. The supportive behaviours I employed encouraged a participative approach characterised by the use of finely tuned interpersonal skills such as active listening, giving feedback and praising (Marquis and Huston 2000) which can be likened to a Skinnerian approach of positive reinforcement. In retrospect I can identify my correct use of this leadership style by looking at a later development of this model which introduced a further dimension to the leadership style: the developmental level of the participants. This is ascertained by assessing workers competence and commitment to completing the task. The member of staff that appeared to take little interest and was not able to offer ideas displayed a lower developmental level compared to other team members and hence I directed her more using the coaching behaviours advocated by Hersey and Blanchard (1977). This coaching promoted inclusion and participation by: giving encouragement, soliciting input and questioning the participant on what they thought of the proposals and the changes they would like to see. This was done to increase levels of commitment and motivation (Northouse 2004) and thus integrate that team member into the change process. On reflection this can also be identified as an example of reducing the resist ing factors to the change within the force field as by adapting to the needs of that team member, she was encouraged to take part and share ideas rather than hinder progress and potentially thwart the change. A model which places great importance on the needs, values and morals of others is transformational leadership (Northouse 2004; RCN 2005) and elements of this could be identified in my leadership. The needs of staff could be regarded as the need to stay safe, and values may be their desire to get home to their families at the end of the day. I was aware that on face value, looking at improving safety for lone workers would perhaps not appear to be an issue that would provoke much excitement, or according to Kotter (1999) light a fire. However, I articulated my vision in terms of getting people to consider the impact of what the consequences could be if we were to be a victim of an adverse incident. When discussing the impact of this with staff and getting them to consider the impact of not changing practice, of how their lives and their families lives could potentially be affected, I created motivation within the team to examine working practices. This was confirmed to me as many of the staff showed their interest by their offering of ideas to meet this challenge. By tapping into the moral dimension of a proposed change i.e. promoting the need to contribute in order to protect the safety of not just themselves but also the wider team, the transformational leader further inspires staff to change by motivating followers to transcend their own self-interest for the sake of the team and organization (Bass 1985). Once the vision had been shared and accepted by the team, several strategies were discussed that could contribute to risk reduction (Appendix Four). At this stage it was realistic to focus on a single change. A reason for this was because McIntosh (2000) highlights that many changes focus on the needs of the organisation (e.g. to provide certain services or to implement Government policy) and often overlook the needs of the employees. Applied to this case, there was an organisational need to manage risk but this had to be balanced with not overwhelming the team with too many changes at once  [10]  . At the meeting it was decided by the team members present  [11]  that the simplest intervention to implement would be to phone into the clinic base administrators when finishing their shift to notify that they had finished work for the day and were safe  [12]  . Although the proposed change would not eliminate the risk of an adverse incident occurring, it would ensure that should an incident occur, it would be identified and acted upon as swiftly as possible and thus the risk would be managed more effectively. Vroom and Yetton (1973) propose five types of considered decision-making ranging from that which may be expected of an autocratic manager i.e. a decision is made by the leader entirely alone, through to a democratic approach whereby the matter is discussed with the whole team and a consensus decision is made. When analysing my own management stance it was clear that my style had been distinctly democratic as I had sought to include everyone and promote consensus decision-making. I demonstrated sensitivity and appreciation of the pressures that others were under by ensuring that those not present at the meeting were included in the decision-making process as open consultation with key stake holders often leads to the successful introduction and adoption of change (Phair and Good 1998, cited in Deegan et al 2004). This contributed to creating a climate of a learning organisation. A learning organisation is one where all members are encouraged to increase their capacity to produce resul ts they care about (Karesh 1994) and one which promotes the exchange of information between members in order to create a knowledgeable workforce. I was determined that those who could not attend the meetings still be part of the decision making process. However there were difficulties with this as due to being in practice just two days a week meant that it was unrealistic to consult each absent worker individually and so I emailed out meeting minutes from the meeting and invited feedback  [13]  . Although the use of email to communicate ideas is one of the least popular ways to receive information, it was one of only a few methods available to me and hence justified its use. Without using this medium, communication with the team would have been compromised and could have led to some team members feeling they had been excluded from the decision-making process. Further analysis of this point reveals my own concern that all the follow up and meetings needed to be done by myself whe n perhaps this could have been delegated to someone else. With regard to situational leadership, if team members are motivated and committed to the change, the leader can assume a more passive role where they let team members take responsibility for doing the job and refrain from giving unnecessary support (Northouse 2004). This perhaps reveals Theory X management style traits (McGregor 1960) whereby the manager feels the need to keep a tight grip on staff perceiving them to need coercion to achieve tasks, deeming them to possess little capacity to explore and solve problems spontaneously without direction. This approach may convey distrust of the team (McGregor 1960) and was therefore not an ideal management style in the actual situation I was in. Rather than viewing this as a weakness however, it must be viewed as an opportunity to explore my assumptions of the team, assessing whether my assumptions had any grounding in reality or whether this style was assumed due to my inexperie nce leading and hence insecurities about the role. Reaching a consensus on the change to implement was an example of how in situational leadership, decision-making can be shared between the leader and motivated followers (Hersey and Blanchard 1977). From a management point of view, this participative approach facilitates the process of completing the task but it is also an example of how leaders empower their teams by transferring some of their power to the follower to enable them to be active participants in the decision-making process. After confirming the change intervention, the safety plan was devised (see Appendix Six). This was a contingency plan detailing the steps to take should a team member fail to report in. The team agreed that I should draw this up due to my previous experience of using one. As the manager is responsible for ensuring a task is completed on time and is done efficiently (Stewart 1996) there was no reason for this task to be delegated elsewhere as this would have taken up time and hence been an inappropria te use of resources. During the movement stage, I positively reinforced the importance of the change by acting as a role model. Role modelling is a key feature of transformational leadership whereby the leader demonstrates specific types of behaviours that they want their followers to adopt (Northouse 2004). Stewart (1996) also reports that the greatest power as a leader is the example that you set (p.25) and so I did this by ensuring that I implemented the proposed changes i.e. I always reported into base on finishing work even before the agreed implementation date. The change is currently in the latter stages of the Movement phase with implementation and evaluation still required to complete the phase  [14]  . Refreezing is the final stage of Lewins model and involves the change agent (myself) supporting staff to integrate the change into practice so that it becomes part of the status quo (Marquis and Huston 2000) ensuring that over a period of time everyones practice changes and there is no chance of reversion to former ways. A strategy for the future development of the change and to conclude the refreezing stage would be to carry out an evaluation to determine the changes effectiveness. A summative (or outcome evaluation) could be conducted to investigate: whether the intervention is effective in reaching planned goals; what happens to the participants as a result of the change and whether it is worth continuing with the change intervention (Robson 2003). The first question could be assessed by carrying out a risk assessment of the hazards faced by lone workers including strategies in place to reduce risk. The HSE (2005) detail a five-step risk assessment guide that can be carried out to assess the extent of risk post-intervention. Ideally a risk assessment should have been carried out in the unfreezing stage and thus provide a baseline to compare against. Another strategy to obtain objective data would be to keep a copy of all reporting-in records which should identify those failing to report in  [15]  . Although this appears to be a policing measure which may imply distrust for staff (typical of a Theory X manager, McGregor 1960), it may be the only way of conclusively being able to tell if people are actually putting the new change into practice. If an audit of these records revealed certain team members were not engaging in the process and were having to be chased by administrators to ascertain whether they had finished work safely, I would use responsive leadership skills incorporating effective interpersonal communication to work with these staff members to identify what the problems and issues were. It is vital that this is done as if ignored these resisting factors could impede the change and failure could result (Hussey 1998). A key goal of refreezing is supporting those involved so that the change remains in place (Marqui s and Huston 2000) and so this audit may reveal those who need further support  [16]  . The change detailed in this case study has first and foremost considered the needs of the employees (i.e. to be safe in their lone work) yet has many benefits for the wider organisation and staff: potentially decreased litigation due to decreased adverse incidences affecting staff, increased recruitment and retention due to the organisations increasing attractiveness as a supportive employer and many more. This highlights effective use of a combination of leadership skills to inspire and motivate staff coupled with the ability to function in a management capacity by directing changes necessary in order to meet the organisations requirements (Marquis and Huston 2000). Change management requires well-developed leadership and managerial skills (Marquis and Huston 2000). However as a student health visitor many of these skills were far from being well developed and rather than use and manipulate models as I went along, elements of models such as transformational and situational were recognised retrospectively. However in doing so my knowledge of the theoretical underpinning has been developed and consolidated arming me with a plethora of skills to draw on in future. Northouse (2004) states that leadership style refers to the behaviours shown by an individual who attempts to influence others. I felt this was a daunting task as in my student role I felt very much the subordinate as opposed to the leader. However, Government papers such as Making a Difference (DH 1999) stress for the need to develop leadership at all levels meaning it is not an activity reserved for the upper echelons of an organisation (Garvin 1996). I found it hard at times to reconcile the requirement to develop leadership skills with the need to embrace evidence-based practice as the two often clashed due to the fact that there is little empirical evidence of the effectiveness of many leadership models (Northouse 2004) including those I used. To further illustrate this point Wright and Doyle (2005) conclude it is impossible to say how effective transformational leadership is with any degree of certainty and it is not possible to say here that another approach would have been more effective without trying it. Northouse (2004) also criticises other models of leadership including situational leadership, and questions their validity commenting that they are under-researched and with few published research findings. I had not viewed myself as a born leader and coupled with my student status, I felt nervous embracing a leadership role. 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Available from: Appendices APPENDIX ONE Health and Safety Legislation in Practice. The Lone Worker Policy (SYPCT 2006) in my practice area is heavily influenced by the Health and Safety at Work Act (HSE 1974) and the Health and Safety at Work Regulations Act (HSE 1999 cited in SYPCT 2006) which stipulate the duties of the employer  [17]  and the employee  [18]  . The more recent legislation requires employers to assess the nature and scale of any workplace risks to health and ensure there are proper control measures to reduce or eliminate risk. Although the policy encompasses the relevant legislation and raises awareness, its aims are particularly broad and apart from indicating particular training, there are few suggestions of good practice to help staff understand exactly how they can take reasonable care. It was also evident that although Lone Worker safety training was mandatory, fewer than half of the members of the team had accessed this within the l